Research and Development (RD)

Research and Development (RD) Companies often spend resources on certain investigative undertakings in an effort to make discoveries that can help develop new products or way of doing things or work towards enhancing pre-existing products or processes. These activities come under the Research and Development (RD) umbrella.RD is an important means for achieving future growth and maintaining a relevant product in the market. There is a misconception that RD is the domain of high tech technology firms or the big pharmaceutical companies. In fact, most established consumer goods companies dedicate a significant part of their resources towards developing new versions of products or improving existing designs. However, where most other firms may only spend less than 5 percent of their revenue on research, industries such as pharmaceutical, software or high technology products need to spend significantly given the nature of their products. © Shutterstock.com | Alexander RathsIn this article, we look at 1) types of RD, 2) understanding similar terminology, 3) making the RD decision, 4) basic RD process, 5) creating an effective RD process,  6) advantages of RD, and 7) RD challenges.TYPES OF RDA US government agency, the National Science Foundation defines three types of RD.Basic ResearchWhen research aims to understand a subject matter more completely and build on the body of knowledge relating to it, then it falls in the basic research category. This research does not have much practical or commercial application. The findings of such research may often be of potential interest to a companyApplied ResearchApplied research has more specific and directed objectives. This type of research aims to determine methods to address a specific customer/industry need or requirement. These investigations are all focused on specific commercial objectives regarding products or processes.DevelopmentDevelopment is when findings of a r esearch are utilized for the production of specific products including materials, systems and methods. Design and development of prototypes and processes are also part of this area. A vital differentiation at this point is between development and engineering or manufacturing. Development is research that generates requisite knowledge and designs for production and converts these into prototypes. Engineering is utilization of these plans and research to produce commercial products.UNDERSTANDING SIMILAR  TERMINOLOGYThere are a number of terms that are often used interchangeably. Thought there is often overlap in all of these processes, there still remains a considerable difference in what they represent. This is why it is important to understand these differences.RDThe creation of new body of knowledge about existing products or processes, or the creation of an entirely new product is called RD. This is systematic creative work, and the resulting new knowledge is then used to formulat e new materials or entire new products as well as to alter and improve existing onesInnovationInnovation includes either of two events or a combination of both of them. These are either the exploitation of a new market opportunity or the development and subsequent marketing of a technical invention. A technical invention with no demand will not be an innovation.New Product DevelopmentThis is a management or business term where there is some change in the appearance, materials or marketing of a product but no new invention. It is basically the conversion of a market need or opportunity into a new product or a product upgradeDesignWhen an idea is turned into information which can lead to a new product then it is called design. This term is interpreted differently from country to country and varies between analytical marketing approaches to a more creative process.Product DesignMisleadingly thought of as the superficial appearance of a product, product design actually encompasses a lot more. It is a cross functional process that includes market research, technical research, design of a concept, prototype creation, final product creation and launch. Usually, this is the refinement of an existing product rather than a new product.MAKING THE RD DECISIONInvestment in RD can be extensive and a long term commitment. Often, the required knowledge already exists and can be acquired for a price. Before committing to investment in RD, a company needs to analyze whether it makes more sense to produce their own knowledge base or acquire existing work. The influence of the following factors can help make this decision.ProprietarinessIf the nature of the research is such that it can be protected through patents or non-disclosure agreements, then this research becomes the sole property of the company undertaking it and becomes much more valuable. Patents can allow a company several years of a head start to maximize profits and cement its position in the market. This sort of sit uation justifies the cost of the RD process. On the other hand, if the research cannot be protected, then it may be easily copied by a competitor with little or no monetary expense. In this case, it may be a good idea to acquire research.TimingSetting up a RD wing only makes sense if the market growth rate is slow or relatively moderate. In a fast paced environment, competitors may rush ahead before research has been completed, making the entire process useless.RiskBecause of its nature, RD is not always a guaranteed success commercially. In this regard, it may be desirable to acquire the required research to convert it into necessary marketable products. There is significantly less risk in acquisition as there may be an opportunity to test the technology out before formally purchasing anything.CostConsidering the long term potential success of a product, acquiring technology is less risky but more costly than generating own research. This is because license fees or royalties may ne ed to be paid and there may even be an arrangement that requires payments tied to sales figures and may continue for as long as the license period. There is also the danger of geographical limitations or other restrictive caveats. In addition, if the technology changes mid license, all the investment will become a sunk cost. Setting up RD has its own costs associated with it. There needs to be massive initial investment that leads to negative cash flow for a long time. But it does protect the company from the rest of the limitations of acquiring research.All these aspects need to be carefully assessed and a pros vs. cons assessment needs to be conducted before the make or buy decision is finalized.BASIC RD PROCESSThe RD may take months or years to yield fruitful results. Manufacturers of a variety of products utilize this process for new product development and innovation. Though each company or industry may have its own unique research methodology, a basic research process will for m the framework for it. Foster IdeasAt this point the research team may sit down to brainstorm. The discussion may start with an understanding and itemization of the issues faced in their particular industry and then narrowed down to important or core areas of opportunity or concern.Focus IdeasThe initial pool of ideas is vast and may be generic. The team will then sift through these and locate ideas with potential or those that do not have insurmountable limitations. At this point the team may look into existing products and assess how original a new idea is and how well it can be developed.Develop IdeasOnce an idea has been thoroughly researched, it may be combined with a market survey to assess market readiness. Ideas with true potential are once again narrowed down and the process of turning research into a marketable commodity begins.Prototypes and TrialsResearchers may work closely with product developers to understand and agree on how an idea may be turned into a practical product. As the process ite rates, the prototype complexity may start to increase and issues such as mass production and sales tactics may begin to enter the process.Regulatory, Marketing Product Development ActivitiesAs the product takes shape, the process that began with RD divides into relevant areas necessary to bring the research product to the market. Regulatory aspects are assessed and work begins to meet all the criteria for approvals and launch. The marketing function begins developing strategies and preparing their materials while sales, pricing and distribution are also planned for.LaunchThe product that started as a research question will now be ready for its biggest test, the introduction to the market. The evaluation of the product continues at this stage and beyond, eventually leading to possible re-designs if needed. At any point in this process the idea may be abandoned. Its feasibility may be questioned or the research may not reveal what the business hoped for. It is therefore important to analyze each idea critically at every stage and not become emotionally invested in anything.CREATING AN EFFECTIVE RD  PROCESSA formal RD function adds great value to any organization. It can significantly contribute towards organizational growth and sustained market share. However, all business may not have the necessary resources to set up such a function. In such cases, or in organizations where a formal RD function is not really required, it is a good idea to foster an RD mindset. When all employees are encouraged to think creatively and with a research oriented thought process, they all feel invested in the business and there will be the possibility of innovation and unique ideas and solutions. This mindset can be slowly inculcated within the company by following the steps mentioned below.Assess Customer NeedsIt is a good idea to regularly scan and assess the market and identify whether the company’s offering is doing well or if it is in trouble. If it is successful, encourage employees to identify reasons for success so that these can then be used as benchmarks or best practices. If the product is not doing well, then encourage teams to research reasons why. Perhaps a competitor is offering a better solution or perhaps the product cannot meet the customer’s needs effectively.Identify ObjectivesAllow your employees to see clearly what the business objectives are. The end goal for a commercial enterprise is to enhance profits. If this is the case, then all research the employees engage in should focus on reaching this goal while fulfilling a customer need.Define and Design ProcessesA definite project management process helps keep formal and informal research programs on schedule. Realistic goals and targets help focus the process and ensures that relevant and realistic timelines are decided upon.Create a TeamA team may need to be created if a specific project is on the agenda. This team should be cross functional and will be able to work towards a speci fic goal in a systematic manner. If the surrounding organizational environment also has a research mindset then they will be better prepared and suited to assist the core team when ever needed.OutsourceWhenever needed, it may be a good idea to outsource research projects. Universities and specific research organizations can help achieve research objectives that may not be manageable within a limited organizational budget.ADVANTAGES OF RDThough setting up an RD function is not an easy task by any means, it has its unique advantages for the organization. These include the following.Tax breaksResearch and Development expenses are often tax deductible. This depends on the country of operations of course but a significant write-off can be a great way to offset large initial investments. But it is important to understand what kind of research activities are deductible and which ones are not. Generally, things like market research or an assessment of historical information are not deductib le.CostsA company can use research to identify leaner and more cost effective means of manufacturing. This reduction in cost can either help provide a more reasonably priced product to the customer or increase the profit margin.FinancingWhen an investor sets out to put their resources into any company, they tend to prefer those who can become market leaders and innovate constantly. An effective RD function goes a long way in helping to achieve these objectives for a company. Investors see this as a proactive approach to business and they may end up financing the costs associated with maintaining this RD function.RecruitmentTop talent is also attracted to innovative companies doing exciting things. With a successful Research and Development function, qualified candidates will be excited to join the company.PatentsThrough RD based developments, companies can acquire patents for their products. These can help them gain market advantage and cement their position in the industry. This on e time product development can lead to long term profits.RD CHALLENGESRD also has many challenges associated with it. These may include the following.High CostsInitial setup costs as well as continued investment are necessary to keep research work cutting edge and relevant. Not all companies may find it feasible to continue this expenditure.Increased TimescalesOnce a commitment to RD is made, it may take many years for the actual product to reach the market and a number of years will be filled with no return on continued heavy investment.Uncertain ResultsNot all research that is undertaken yields results. Many ideas and solutions are scrapped midway and work has to start from the beginning.Market ConditionsThere is always the danger that a significant new invention or innovation will render years of research obsolete and create setbacks in the industry with competitors becoming front runners for the customer’s business.It is important for any business to understand the advantages and disadvantages of engaging in Research and Development activities. Once these are studied, then the step can be taken towards becoming and RD organization.In the meanwhile, it is good practice to inculcate a research mind set and research oriented thinking within all employees, no matter what their functional area of expertise. This will help bring about new ideas, new solutions and an innovative way of approaching all business problems, whether small or large.

Killing Is Justified For Murder - 1125 Words

Many times throughout history have people been classified as a hero to others after that person committed murder on their own kindred. Humans kill other humans for various reasons. In a few cases, murder has proven itself to be justified such as the case, for example, when Caligula, the corrupt Roman emperor has been assassinated to further prevent more disasters for the Roman Empire. Murder is justified even for reasons so unthinkable, it makes sense as the culprit, at that moment of time. Although it is generally bad to be spewing bloodshed over your brethren, the act of killing is justified for murder. In the story of â€Å"Just Lather, That’s all†, the protagonist of the story, the barber faces a life-changing decision: â€Å"Whether to kill, or not to kill Captain Torres†. Captain Torres, the antagonist is an infamous executioner who has made â€Å"examples† of rebels. The barber himself, is secretly a rebel, gathering information on Captain Torres. So when the barber was given an opportunity of a lifetime to kill Captain Torres while the latter was unarmed, the barber in the end, chose to not kill him. However in this case, the barber will be viewed as a hero for killing Captain Torres because of three undeniable reasons. The barber will be portrayed as a hero because he will be killing a murderer who murders brutally. The barber will be defending the rebels cause by killing their common enemy. And the barber will be sacrificing his career and personal life for the good of hisShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Crime And Punishment And The Main Character Plots And Carries Out The Murder Of An Old Woman883 Words   |  4 PagesIn Dostoyevsky s novel Crime and Punishment the main character plots and carries out the murder of an old woman who has a considerable amount of money in her apartment. After killing her, he steals the money. After carefully considering this scenario, I personally believe that this action is not justified. T he main character believes that his actions are justified based on these given facts. He argues that, she is a malicious old woman, petty, cantankerous and scheming, useless to herself and toRead MoreFlight By Sherman Alexie : A Cruel World Through The Eyes Of Zits1045 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout the novel, so does Zits’ perspective on taking a person’s life. When Zits kills his first victims, Zits is convinced that the murder was justified. He believed that the people in the bank had to die for a greater purpose. I can tell that Zits genuinely thought that the murder was justified because some of Zits’ final thoughts before he began the killing spree were, â€Å"And I guess these people have many different religions. But none of that matters. I know these people must die so my motherRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And Hamlet1122 Words   |  5 Pages Murder is something that cannot be completely defined. A vague definition if murder is an intentional, premeditated killing of a person under unlawful circumstances and not justified by the law. We don’t know what exactly makes murder, murder. As humans, civilized people, we have a set of moral teachings and the most important teaching of all is knowing right from wrong. Murder is put into the wrong and evil category by humans. Not only is murder wrong, but many quest ion why murder is even committedRead MoreKillings Andre Dubus Summary1021 Words   |  5 PagesKillings by Andre Dubus is a short story that humanizes and normalizes violence and revenge murders. It intends to justify that murder is an okay thing to do as long as you are doing it because you are emotionally distressed. In both killings that take place in this story, there is a lot of hatred and need for revenge. Though murder is reprehensible, I agree that in certain instances, it can be justified, as in the case with Matt and the killing he partook in. To start off, I don’t believe thatRead MoreAnalysis Of Ayaan Hirsi Ali Speaks Of Honor Killings And Forced Marriages1519 Words   |  7 PagesAyaan Hirsi Ali speaks of honor killings and forced marriages in Middle Eastern society in the The AHA Foundation 2nd Annual Conference. She begins with describing her personal situation when she was younger; her arranged marriage to a relative and then her escape to the Netherlands at the age of twenty-two in an effort to avoid this marriage where she was met with an entirely different culture where the pressure of the honor of the family was not forced upon females by both female and male partiesRead MoreEssay on The Death Penalty:Social Ethics: Morality and Social Policy1737 Words   |  7 Pagesdeath penalty is morally justified because murderers can’t live and you have a right to kill them. 2) The premises and conclusions that the author of the letter outlines are as follows: Death Penalty serves as a deterrent. a. Criminals fear the death penalty. b. Fear of the death penalty deters criminals from carrying guns when engaged in a criminal activity. c. Therefore, death penalty serves as a deterrent. Death Penalty is morally justified. a. Criminals who murder lose the right to life andRead MoreCask Of The Amontillado, By Edgar Allan Poe1373 Words   |  6 Pagesclaims his vengeance is justified and that while he is committing a crime he is doing so justifiably. Raymond Struckhart of Berlin University, in Germany also concurs my position; by also claiming Montresor is to blame. The argument in this paper is that Montresor is not only delusional to his claims of justification, but also that his crime of killing Fortunato is not justified; and that in fact it is out right murder. Therefore to reiterate the thesis of this paper is, the killing of Fortunato by theRead MoreWar Based Killing Should Be Regarded As Murder1386 Words   |  6 Pagesfor murder. Lately, there has been a dispute on whether war-based killing should be regarded as murder. Some people say that it should, because killing is a crime and against the law. Although this is true, the lives lost during wartime are not done out of unmoral acts. They are lost because men and women go out to protect and fight for what they and their country believe in. War based killing should not be considered murder because of self-defense, religion and war ethics. War-based killing shouldRead MoreComparison Between Lamb And The Slaughter And A Jury Of Her Peers857 Words   |  4 Pagesshocked into killing her husband with a leg of lamb which they were having for dinner. Minnie puts a rope around her husband’s neck while he is sleeping because he broke her pet canary’s neck. The two stories depict the wives as sympathetic figures who were justified in the crimes; neither murder was premeditated. Mary killed her husband by her hitting him on his head with a frozen leg of lamb. Her being a detective’s wife, knew how to set up her alibi. First, she cooked the murder weapon. She wentRead MoreThe Bookdock Saints : Moral Dilemma1427 Words   |  6 Pagespolice that the brothers acted in self defense and they are allowed to go free. In the first couple scenes it is revealed that the main moral dilemma of the movie will be whether or not the brothers are justified in their actions. At first glance and in the eyes of the law the brothers are justified in their actions as self defense because the Russians came back after them. The Russians even went so far as to separate the brothers and tell on that they were going to kill the other and then come back

Hibernation Free Essays

Arieana Koonce Ms. Stephens Biology Honors March 9, 2013 True Hibernation vs. False Hibernation Hibernation is when a mammal has a low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Hibernation or any similar topic only for you Order Now A ground squirrel hibernates in their dens. These dens allow them to sleep for a long time. They rarely wake up. Their hearts beat about 1-2 times per minute. Ground squirrels actually sleep through the entire cold winter. Their body temperature dips down so low that there body is only a couple degrees warmer than outside. It could reach below freezing. These animals prepare for this five to six month period the rest of the year. Hibernation is the animal’s way to adapt to thing. Compared to ground squirrels, who hibernate in dens, and other true hibernators however, the hibernation arrangement of bears is only a sequence of long naps. Since the body temperature of bears remains high and their breathing remains at a normal rate, their winter naps can easily be bothered or woken up. Some bears even wake up during their winter nap and search and walk around for hours, occasionally possibly days. Therefore that makes bears mammals that are not true hibernators. In conclusion, false hibernation is a way for the larger mammals to stay warm throughout winter without having to do all the things the smaller ones do. It is not the same thing as true hibernation because their body temperature only drops a couple of degrees. Although they are very different mammals do whatever they can to survive the tough winter. How to cite Hibernation, Essay examples

Hibernation Free Essays

Arieana Koonce Ms. Stephens Biology Honors March 9, 2013 True Hibernation vs. False Hibernation Hibernation is when a mammal has a low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate. We will write a custom essay sample on Hibernation or any similar topic only for you Order Now A ground squirrel hibernates in their dens. These dens allow them to sleep for a long time. They rarely wake up. Their hearts beat about 1-2 times per minute. Ground squirrels actually sleep through the entire cold winter. Their body temperature dips down so low that there body is only a couple degrees warmer than outside. It could reach below freezing. These animals prepare for this five to six month period the rest of the year. Hibernation is the animal’s way to adapt to thing. Compared to ground squirrels, who hibernate in dens, and other true hibernators however, the hibernation arrangement of bears is only a sequence of long naps. Since the body temperature of bears remains high and their breathing remains at a normal rate, their winter naps can easily be bothered or woken up. Some bears even wake up during their winter nap and search and walk around for hours, occasionally possibly days. Therefore that makes bears mammals that are not true hibernators. In conclusion, false hibernation is a way for the larger mammals to stay warm throughout winter without having to do all the things the smaller ones do. It is not the same thing as true hibernation because their body temperature only drops a couple of degrees. Although they are very different mammals do whatever they can to survive the tough winter. How to cite Hibernation, Essay examples

Soul And God Essays - Philosophy Of Religion, Soul, Existence Of God

Soul And God Being raised in a Catholic family, I have always been told that my body contains a soul. I have often wondered where my soul is and how it functions. Being asked by my friends questions about the soul, I could not answer because I never really knew myself, so I looked to the writings of the church. According the Catechism of the Catholic Church, written by Pope John Paul II, the soul is not just part of the body, it is the body. "In Sacred Scripture the term "soul" often refers to the life or the entire person. But "soul" also refers to the innermost aspect of man, that which is of greatest value in him, that by which he is most especially in God's image: "soul" signifies the spiritual principle in man. The unity of soul and body is so profound that one has to consider the soul to be the "form" of the body: i.e., it is because of its spiritual soul that the body made of matter becomes a living, human body; spirit and matter, in man, are not two natures united, but rather their union forms a single nature. The Church teaches that every spiritual soul is created immediately by God - it is not "produced" by the parents - and also that it is immortal: it does not perish when it separates from the body at death, and it will be united with the body at the final Resurrection." That is the belief of my church. Other religion hold different views, are they right? If what I believe is right, then the soul is there, not for Catholics, but for everyone, so that we all have a spiritual awareness and can become closer to God. But what if I am wrong? What if we really do not have soul? How then am I to live my life? What if there really is no God, and religion is just a security blanket for people so that they seem to have some meaning in their lives? How can one justify the existence of God if there is so much evil in the world? What about reincarnation? If we have a soul, then it is supposed to be reunited with the body on the final Resurrection, but then how do certain people have special talents where as others do not? These questions are ones that my personal experiences and beliefs will try to answer. I do not believe that the Catholic Christian religion is the only true religion in this world. If I were to believe this, then I would not be the ideal, loving, open minded person that I am called to be by my beliefs, and by God. I believe that each religion is right for each person involved, depending on where they are located. God calls each person in different ways because all people are not the same, and live in different surroundings. Each culture has certain beliefs based on their cultural pasts, and physical environments. For example, Europe and the Americas are considered to be part of the "Western World." The Western World is modern, destructive, fast paced, and highly independent. That is the way our society has developed, and the religions that we believe correspond to these factors. African religions are different then the European religions, just as Asian and Middle Eastern religions are different then African religions, because they do not have the same pasts. The way that people had lived, their ancestors, helped to develop their religious ideas. Each culture had to have believed in some higher power, and someone (Buddha, Jesus, Confucius, etc.) helped to lead their people into a system that corresponded with their lives, and contributed to bringing some sort of meaning to the society, fulfilling some void that was present. So in a sense, the religions that were created, were created by a certain type of people to fill something missing in their lives, caused by the type of society they were residing in. It was not that the religions created the people, it was that the people created the religions. In line with that idea, religions have also been used to control societies. In their perfect forms, each religion is something good for the individuals involved to look too, but almost all have been manipulated at some point in time (even now) to control the people who believed. In the Dark Ages, for example the Catholic Church used its incredible influence over the uneducated public to gain power. Or

Hawain Punch Essays

Hawain Punch Essays Hawain Punch Essay Hawain Punch Essay Case Study: Hawaiian Punch How would you characterize the U. S fruit juice and juice drink category? The U. S. fruit juice and juice drink constitutes of 4. 7 of the total 185. 5 gallon of beverage consumed annually. These corporates four distinct varieties of fruit juice and juice drinks; 100% juices which may be either be 100% made from fruits or 100% made from concentrates. 100% juices form the largest share market with its share capital comprising of 54. 9% of the total fruit drink and juice drink; the other is nectars which comprises of from 25% to 99% fruit juices and is manufactured from concentrated juices or fruit pulps. Nectar accounts for 6. 1% of the total fruit juice and juice drink market; juice drinks that comprise of up to 25% juice and; fruit-flavored drinks which contains no juice content. Fruit-flavored drinks are the lowest ranked in terms of market share in the fruit juice and juice drink market with 5. 3% of the total share. How would you characterize the competitive position of Hawaiian Punch? Hawaiian Punch faces seven major competitors in the fruit juices and juices drink categories, the PepsiCo, Coca-Cola Company, Kraft Food, Sunny Delight, Cadbury Schweppes, and Welch. Of all its competitors, Hawaiian Punch is a strong competitor forming 55% of the total sales. This ranks Hawaiian Punch as the top ranked consumer fruit punch drink in the United States economy. Consumers also have confidence in Hawaiian Punch as the product has established a strong market base with a reputation of 70 years in the market. Hawaiian Punch due to its long history has 94% consumer awareness of the product. To keep up with the competition, competitors employ innovation methods as introducing new flavors, repackaging and advertising. : Advertising has formed the main focus for competitors with spending on average 24 cents on every case sold on advertising. Competitors also apply persuasive methods as portraying the benefits of their products to personal health. Does Hawaiian Punch buyer behavior differ between the juice/juice drink aisle and the soft drink aisle in supermarkets and other retail outlets? The behavior of Hawaiian Punch differs between juice drink aisle and soft drink aisle in supermarkets and retail outlets. Supermarkets form the largest vendors of fruit and fruit juices. Supermarkets alone constitute of over 53. % of the total sold. The rest is divided among trade sales as restaurant and schools constituting of 18. 5%; Convenience stores 10. 6%, Discounters 9. 5%, Independent food retailers 5. 8% and the rest is sold in vending machines consisting of 0. 2%. 20 percent of Hawaiian punch juice aisle buyers and 34 percent of hawaiian punch soft drink aisle buyers shop both supermarket aisles, second bo th supermarket aisles attract Hawaiian punch buyers from households with children under 18 years old. The juice aisle was shopped more by households with children in the â€Å"under 6† to 12 year old age group. The soft drink aisle was more popular among the households with children in the 6 to 17 year old age range and skewed toward households with teens. How do the Finished Goods and Direct-Store Delivery Networks differ from each other? Finished goods will refer to good to a good that is ready for consumption. In reference to Hawaiian Punch, the finished product will refer to the commodity that is packaged a ready for the market. Cadbury Schweppes American Beverages will employ the necessary ingredients in the manufacture of the Hawaiian Punch. The manufactured Hawaiian Punch will be packaged in one of the three companies that Cadbury Schweppes owns. The company manufactures seven different flavors; Lemonade, Green Berry Rush, Orange Ocean, Grape Geyser, Berry Blue Typhoon, Fruit Juicy Red and Strawberry Surfin’. The packaged Hawaiian Punch will form the finished product. Direct-Store Delivery is processes where by Cadbury Schweppes will sell Hawaiian Punch in concentrate form to licensed bottlers. Seven Up bottlers, Coca-Cola bottles and Pepsi-Cola examples of licensed Hawaiian Punch bottlers. The licensed bottlers will in turn combine the concentrate with water and sweeteners. The product is then packed in either cans or bottles and sold to retailers. Mazin’Melon mix, Wild purple smash, Bodacious Berry, Green Berry Rush and Fruit juicy Red are example of flavors that Hawaiian Punch markets through this method. What is the relative impact of each on Hawaiian Punchs sales and contributions? The performance of Hawaiian Punch is impressive. Hawaiian Punch has registered a 7% annual increment in sales from when it was bought by Cadbury Schweppes. Also the Hawaiian Punch Light has registered an impressive performance as consumers who are sensitive of their health are included. Bottlers and retailers believe that Hawaiian Punch has the ability to grow if such strategies are employed as new inventive methods of customer attraction. Looking forward to the 2005 Hawaiian Punch business and marketing planning. What recommendations would you make concerning positioning, innovation and allowances and advertising given your assessment of the two manufacturing, sales and delivery networks? Hawaiian Punch should change its prospect on advertisement. Including Punchy mascot in their advertisement of their products will establish a strong product influence. Punchy mascot is an established trade mark that consumers of Hawaiian punch establish themselves with, excluding it from the product advertisement may affect outcome. The inclusion of a variety of flavors may be essential in the increasing of sales in the company. Consumers will benefit from a variety of options available at their disposal. If Hawaiian Punch considers the inclusion of a new flavor in the market, the outcome may be favorable as the company may register new customers who are attracted to the new brand. Advertisements are important in attracting of new customers and keeping the available ones. Advertisement may also be effective in points where increase in sale is required or where the company wants to establish a new product in the market. Hawaiian Punch may consider using advertisement as an option as it considers the introduction of the mango flavor in the market.

3 Misplaced Modifiers

3 Misplaced Modifiers 3 Misplaced Modifiers 3 Misplaced Modifiers By Mark Nichol 1. â€Å"A glass of water comes by request only in restaurants.† This sentence implies that the only type of establishment in which a glass of water is served is a restaurant. However, what it means is that in a certain type of establishment, a patron must ask to be served water. To communicate the correct meaning of the sentence, structure it with that syntax: â€Å"In restaurants, a glass of water comes by request only.† 2. â€Å"She advocated as a suffragist and journalist for women to crack male-dominated careers before she became an environmentalist.† This sentence structure suggests that the subject advocated for the stated goal, hoping that it would be achieved before she entered into her prospective line of work. But â€Å"before she became an environmentalist† is a modifier that is not integral to the sentence. To clarify its relationship to the rest of the statement, reorder the sentence as done in the first example by getting the modifying phrase out of the way at the onset: â€Å"Before she became an environmentalist, she advocated as a suffragist and journalist for women to crack male-dominated careers.† 3. â€Å"The process is painless, and you can be an elected official by spending less than $100 in most communities.† The implication here is that would-be politicians can succeed by investing less than $100 in each community they visit. What the writer means, though, is that less than $100 is required to file to become a political candidate. Do you see a pattern here? A modifier invites misunderstanding when it is tacked onto the end of a sentence rather than strategically positioned. In this case, however, unlike as in the previous examples, â€Å"in most communities† does not logically belong all the way at the other end of the sentence. Yes, perhaps the process is painless in most communities, but â€Å"in most communities† applies to the fee. That phrase should be excised from its current position and inserted not as an introductory phrase but as a parenthetical: â€Å"The process is painless, and, in most communities, you can be an elected official by spending less than $100.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial Expressions15 Great Word GamesDrama vs. Melodrama